William smith lea



COATING R PLASTIC. Gross Reierence 506 74 a UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM SMITH LEA, OF HANLEY, COUNTY OF STAFFO D, ENGLAND.

PRQ CESS OF MANUFACTURING AND IN THE COMPOSITION OF REFRACTORY CEMENTS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 433,129, dated July 29, 1890.

Application filed Kovembor 18, 1889- Berial No. 380,756. (No specimens.) Patented in England April 6, 9, No- 6,919.

To all whom itmay concern: temperature in QQlQI OI furnace and while Be it known that 1, WILLIAM SMITH LEA, a mp'erature, or it may be at different subject of the Queen of Great Britain and temperatures, it is exposed to the fumes or Ireland, residing at Hanley, in the county va ors of nitric and hydrochloric acids the 55 of Stafford,England, have invented new and fies Erminuseful Improvements'in the Process of Manjector or other convenient apparatus. The ufacturing and in the Composition of Retemperature required for this part of the fractory Cements, to be used as a lining for operation cannot be accurately given; but I furnaces, kilns, ovens, crucibles, retorts, and have fo 1nd that with a temperature of 240 60 g; IO other vessels exposed to intense heat or to the Fahrenheit outside of the kiln or oven asu' T- action of acid fumes, (for which I have applied 'mature is obtained in the interior.

for Letters Patent in Great Britain, No. 5,919, This treatmentdisintegrates the granite, sepa dated April 6, 1889,) of which the following rating out the quartz and decomposes the is a specification. feldspar and mica. The steatite and the blast- 65 My improved cementorcompoundismanufurnace or basic-stee s ag are rea e In a factured from the following substances in mm ar manner, w1 exce 1o 1 or aboutin the under-mentioned proportions: advisable fir o calcine and grind the slag,

Disinte 'rated ranite or other rock or rocks and then s l l a I a a i W e chemical composition is chiefly that sul hur. 'l'lT'e disintegrfi'ed and decomp" os'efi 7o of silicate of alumina and otash as svenite'm'iamis next reduced by grinding to apowan I l' 5 a 's, l y o sixt 5W5 der, and after or during the grinding operaper cent; blast-furnace Wm tion it is mixed with the silica and sand, or mmiem siliciousochmflloam,phosphate,andcarbonate w ose c emica composition is chiefly a comof lime, caustic potash, or borax, and manga- 75 2 5 pound silicate of alumina and otash or soda, nese approximately in the proportions above borax or of other alkahes, Eve fifteen stated. This mixture is then a aiu round per cent; h drated silicates m u to a finer owder with the fir'l' l'tf'on' ot sili- Mia-such as clav Eaolm steatlte or mad mit. (chloride of sodifil'T other refractory cla *s-fii eon per cent; silmade in 1the dry staae, 8o 0 ica as sand loam siliclous ocher fiv r as crystals or owder, or in so utions, or y 3 cent; lios hate oi lime five ier cerfi? dissolving in bgiling water; also, potassic silitwo er cen car ona e 0 rule wo rcent, cate and chloride may be used instead of sodic m 0 as 1, one er cen o I ..e silicate and chloride when the cost of the latmaybe added small quaniitles of man anese, ter will allow this, or suitable quantities of 85 as oxide, sil cate of soda and sum highly-silicious (17. e., difiicultly fusible) glass earl onate of soda. may be employed.

' 1e aJove pfiFortions are such. as I have For the purpose of storage it is preferable found toanswer wellin practice; but it will be to kiln-dry the mixture before the addition evident that they may be varied somewhatof the salt, sodic silicate, caustic, potash, or 90 40 as, for example, if a smaller percentage of borax, phosphate and carbonate of lime, and

granite or granitic rock is used the smaller manganese, and only to add these immedipercentage of silicate of alumina and potash ately before use. I

therefrom may be compensated for by an ad- The above mixture, with the addition of dition tothe percentage of caustic potash and salt and sodic silicate, is ground up with clean 5 of the materials forming the hydrated siliwater until it is of the consistency of plaster.

cates, and the smaller percentage of quartz It is then ready for use, and is applied by obtained from the granite may be compenplastering it over the bricks or walls of the sated for by the addition of sand or silicious furnace, kiln, or other place (afterward reocher and refractory oxides; ferred to as kiln or furnace) towhichit is 100 The ranite or other granitic rock first tobe applied by means of atrowel or other suitabove rei'e'rred to 15 m ecfed To a suitable able tool. It is best put on a thin coating only at first, afterward thicker coatings, the

kiln of'furnacebeing fired after each sucgacessive cdatisapplied. For general'purposes :the thickness of the coating is conveniently from one-fourth inch to one-half inch thick;

- but the thickness may be varied accordingto the purpose tor: which "the kiln or furnace is H afterward to be used and the more or less reiractory character of the bricks or backing :0 to which-it -is'applied. Insome cases-as, for

instance, in covering the roof of akiln or furhtsce-itmay suflice to lay on thecement (then mixed to athinner consistency) by means of v a brush, as in whitewashiug.

The addition of oil (preferably boiled lin- -seedoil) to the cement, though not necessary, greatly facilitates the reactions which take place when the lining is fired, and assists in i 1 j fncreasing or maintaining the large quantity :0 of uncombined silicate of alumina-z. e., a i

of disintegrating highly-aluminous sil cates simple silicate of alumina and not a comund silicate of alumina and of some alkali or alkalies, or base or bases. V The object of my invention, as above de- 2 5 scribed, is to produce a highly-refractory cement composed for the most part of a sim-. ple (i. a, uncombined) silicate of alumina, which will stand great and rapid changes of temperature without the risk of splitting'or o flying or of losing its coherence. The sub-- jection of the granite, slag, &c., as above described, to acid fumes serves not only to disintegrate the granite, but is so regulated as 7 to neutralize the alkaline or basic action of 5 the other constituentaor, rather, the affinity of the silicic acid for the alkalies and the earthy bases. The regulation of the temperature at this stage is of importance, since the action of silicic acid becomes rapidly stronger 0 with the increase of temperature, while its action at low temperatures is comparatively feebler than that of hydrochloricand nitric acid. 7 It is the object at this part of the process especially to prevent the premature 5 fusion of the materials, which would form a glassy or vitreous compound. By avoiding 'toohigh a temperature at this stage themass is kept, so to say, in a devitrified condition,

thereby favoring the formation during the subsequent firing of the cement of a larger proportion of uncombined or simple silicate of alumina, rather than that of compound silicates of alumina and earthy or alkaline bases.

I am aware that some of the substances I employ have before been used in the manufacture of cement; but I am not aware that all the essential constituents of my cement have been previously used together in the pro- 6o portions specified nor subjected to the same treatment.

"What-l claim, and desire to secure by Let-,

ters of the United States, is-

"1."Ihe "herein-described method of manufacturing refractory cements, which consists of the following steps, to wit: disintegrating materials whose. chemical composition is chiefly that of a compound silicate of alumina position is chiefly hydrated silicate of alumina, together with calcium phosphate and carbonate, caustic potash, and manganese, again reducing the compound and mixing therewith sodium chloride and an alkali silicate, as set forth. 4

. 2. As a step in the above process, the mode which consists in subjecting the same to the simultaneous action of heat and of the vapors of W dgmhlq iggcids, for the purpo, specific M 3. As a step in the above-described process, the mode of disintegrating the materials whose composition is chiefly that of a compound silicate of alumina and alkalies and earthy bases mixed with quartz, which consists in first calcining the same, grinding the -calcined material, and subjecting the ground material to the action of the vapors of nitric and hydrochloric acids, for the purpose specified.

4. A refractory cement composed of materials whose chemical composition -is chiefly that of silicates of alumina and potash mixed with free silica, of compound silicates of alumina and of the alkali metals andfurnace-slags,

of hydrated silicates of alumina and magnesia, of silica, of phosphate and carbonate of lime, of caustic potash, and of sodium chloride, in or about in the proportions specified. 5. A refractory cement composed of. materials whose chemical composition is chiefly that of silicates of alumina and potash mixed with free silica, of compound silicates of alumina and of the alkali metals and furnace-slags, of hydrated silicates of alumina' and magnesia, of silica, of phosphate and carbonate of lime, of caustic potash and of sodium chloride, together with oxide of manganese, sulphate, carbonate; and silicate of soda, in or about in the proportions specified.

WILLIAM SMITH LEA. Witnesses:

B. M. GORDON DILL, y Barrister-at-Laua .MUMFORD HALLEN,

.Hosier, -&c. 

